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surpise test 17 (Hindi)
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;fn ,d ,sls xka/khoknh O;fDr dk uke ysus dks dgk tk,] tks vko';drk iM+us ij Økafr dk ekxZ viukus esa Hkh ihNs u gVk gks] rks tqck¡ ij dsoy ,d gh egku~ O;fDr] t;izdk'k ukjk;.k dk uke vk,xk tks viuh tq>k: izo`fr vkSj vHkwriwoZ usr`Ro {kerk ds dkj.k vius ledkyhu ;qok oxZ gh ugha] cfYd iwjs tuekul ds yksdfiz; usrk cudj mHkjs vkSj turk us ftUgsa yksduk;d ds lacks/ku ls foHkwf"kr fd;kA yksduk;d t;izdk'k ukjk;.k dk tUe fcgkj izkar esa Nijk ftys ds flrkc fn;kjk uked xk¡o esa 11 vDVwcj] 1902 dks gqvk FkkA muds firk dk uke Jh gjlw n;ky rFkk ekrk dk uke Jhefr Qwyjkuh nsoh FkkA mudh ekrk ,d /keZijk;.k efgyk FkhaA rhu HkkbZ vkSj rhu cguksa esa t;izdk'k vius ekrk&firk dh pkSFkh larku FksA muls cM+s ,d HkkbZ vkSj ,d cgu dh e`R;q gks tkus ds dkj.k muds ekrk&firk muls vikj Lusg j[krs FksA vius xk¡o flrkc fn;kjk esa izkjafHkd f'k{kk izkIr djus ds i'pkr~ t;izdk'k th vkxs dh i<+kbZ ds fy, iVuk pys x,A 16 ebZ] 1920 dks fcgkj ds izfl) tulsoh c`tfd'kksj ckcw dh lqiq=h izHkkorh ls t;izdk'k th dk fookg gqvkA o"kZ 1921 esa xka/khth ds vlg;ksx vkanksyu esa lfØ; Hkkx ysus ds fy, os ljdkjh dkWyst dh i<+kbZ NksM+dj jktsUnz izlkn ds usr`Ro esa py jgs fcgkj fo|kihB esa pys x,A ogha ls mUgksaus b.VjehfM,V dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dhA o"kZ 1922 esa os ,d Nk=o`fÙk ij v/;;u ds fy, vesfjdk pys x, vkSj ogk¡ ds vksfg;ks fo'ofo|ky; ls Lukrd ,oa LukrdksÙkj ,e-,- dh fMfxz;k¡ izkIr dhA vesfjdk esa mUgksaus fo"ke ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk fd;k rFkk gksVyksa esa dke fd;k vkSj nokb;k¡ csphA blds ckn mUgksaus ih ,p Mh esa izos'k fy;k] ij ek¡ dh chekjh ds dkj.k o"kZ 1929 esa okil Lons'k ykSV vkus ds dkj.k os bls iwjk ugha dj ldsA o"kZ 1932 esa xka/kh] usg: tSls usrkvksa ds lkFk&lkFk t;izdk'k ukjk;.k dks Hkh fxj¶rkj dj ukfld tsy Hkst fn;k x;k] tgk¡ mudh eqykdkr eklkuh] vP;qr iVo)Zu] v'kksd esgrk] ukjk;.k Lokeh tSls usrkvksa ls gqbZA bu lHkh dh ppkZvksa us dkaxzsl lks'kfyLV ikVhZ dks tUe fn;kA vesfjdk ls ykSVus ds i'pkr~ dqN le; rd os cukjl fganw fo'ofo|ky; esa lekt'kkL= ds izoDrk jgs] ysfdu Hkkjrh; Lora=rk laxzke esa Hkkx ysus ds mÌs'; ls mUgksaus ukSdjh NksM+ nh vkSj dkaxzsl ds lfØ; dk;ZdrkZ cu x,A o"kZ 1934 eas dkaxzsl dh uhfr;ksa ls vlarq"V uo;qodksa us tc vf[ky Hkkjrh; dkaxzsl lektoknh ikVhZ dh] LFkkiuk dh rks t;izdk'k ukjk;.k blds laxBu ea=h cuk, x,A bl ikVhZ esa muds lkFk jke euksgj yksfg;k] v'kksd esgrk vkSj vkpk;Z ujsUnz nso tSls jktusrk Hkh FksA vkpk;Z ujsUnz nso ,oa t;izdk'k nksuksa us feydj lektoknh vkanksyu dks vkxs c<+k;kA t;izdk'k ukjk;.k ns'kHkj esa ?kwedj lektoknh vkanksyu dk izpkj fd;k djrs FksA blds dkj.k o"kZ 1934 ls 1946 ds chp fczfV'k ljdkj us mUgsa dbZ ckj tsy dh lyk[kksa ds ihNs Hkstk] fdarq ckj&ckj os tsy deZpkfj;ksa dks pdek nsdj Qjkj gksus esa lQy jgsA fopkjksa esa erHksn gksus ds ckn Hkh xk¡/khth t;izdk'k th ls dkQh vuqjkx j[krs FksA 7 ekpZ] 1940 dks tc mudks iVuk eas fxj¶rkj dj pkbZcklk tsy esa can dj fn;k x;k] rc xka/khth us dgk Fkk& t;izdk'k ukjk;.k dh fxj¶rkjh ,d nqHkkZX;iw.kZ ?kVuk gSA os dksbZ lk/kkj.k dk;ZdrkZ ugha gSa] cfYd lektokn ds egku~ fo'ks"kK gSaA ns'k dh vktknh ds izfr mudh yyd vkSj bls 'kh?kz izkIr djus ds fy, muds vnE; lkgl Hkjs dkjukeksa ds fcuk mudh thouxkFkk v/kwjh gh jg tk,xhA o"kZ 1942 esa tc iwjk ns'k xk¡/khth ds djks ;k ejks ds ukjs ds mn~?kks"k ds lkFk vaxzstksa dks eq¡grksM+ tokc ns jgk Fkk] ml le; ;s gtkjhckx tsy ls Qjkj gksus ds mik; <w¡< jgs FksA 9 uoacj] 1942 dks nhikoyh dh jkf= dk og le; Hkh vk;k] tc mUgksaus lkfcr dj fn;k fd nqfu;k esa dksbZ ,slh tsy cuh gh ugha Fkh] tks vf/kd fnuksa rd t;izdk'k dks dSn j[k ldrh FkhA ml jkr tc lHkh canh nhikoyh dk R;ksgkj eukus esa O;Lr Fks] vius N% fe=ksa ds lkFk t;izdk'k /kksfr;ksa ls cukbZ jLlh dh enn ls tsy dh nhokj dks yk¡?kdj Qjkj gksus esa dke;kc jgsA muds Qjkj gksus ls tsy vf/kdkfj;ksa ds gks'k mM+ x,A ljdkj us mUgsa ftank ;k eqnkZ idM+us ds fy, 10]000 #i;s ds buke dh ?kks"k.kk dhA t; izdk'k dk vktkn ?kweuk fczfV'k ljdkj ds fy, lcls cM+h pqukSrh FkhA o"kZ 1942 ls 1946 rd dbZ ckj mUgsa tsy Hkstk x;k] ij viuh ekr`Hkwfe ds lPps liwr t;izdk'k ukjk;.k viuh tku dh ijokg fd, fcuk gj ckj vaxzstksa dks rc rd pdek nsrs jgs] tc rd o"kZ 1946 esa ljdkj us Lo;a mUgsa dkjkxkj ls eqDr ugha dj fn;kA Lora=rk vkanksyu ds nkSjku usiky tkdj vktkn nLrs dk xBu fd;k rFkk mls izf'k{k.k fn;kA o"kZ 1947 esa ns'k dh vktknh ds ckn Hkh og jktuhfrd :i ls lfØ; jgsA 19 vizSy] 1954 dks fcgkj ds x;k esa mUgksaus fouksck Hkkos ds loksZn; vkanksyu ds fy, thou lefiZr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA loksZn; ds lans'k dks iwjs fo'o esa QSykus ds fy, mUgksaus dbZ ns'kksa dh ;k=k dhA o"kZ 1972 eas t;izdk'k th us pacy ds Mkdqvksa ds vkRelei.kZ esa vxz.kh Hkwfedk vnk dj mUgsa lekt dh eq[; /kkjk ls tksM+us dk og dk;Z dj fn[kk;k] tks dksbZ vkSj ugha dj ldrk FkkA o"kZ 1970 ls mUgksaus rRdkyhu ljdkj dh uhfr;ksa dk fojks/k djuk izkjaHk fd;kA o"kZ 1974 eas fcgkj rFkk xqtjkr ds Nk= vkanksyu dk mUgksaus lQyrkiwoZd usr`Ro djrs gq, laiw.kZ Økafr dh ?kks"k.kk dhA ;gh og le; Fkk] tc t;izdk'k vius laf{kIr uke tsih ds :i eas fo[;kr gq, vkSj yksduk;d dgykus yxsA o"kZ 1975 esa rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h Jherh bafnjk xk¡/kh us tc jk"Vªh; vkikrdky ykxw fd;k] rc t;izdk'k th us bldk Hkjiwj fojks/k fd;kA bl fojks/k dks nckus ds fy, mUgsa p.Mhx<+ tsy esa Mky fn;k x;kA varr% os vius la?k"kZ esa dke;kc gq, vkSj vius vHkwriwoZ usr`Ro ds cy ij turk ikVhZ dks o"kZ 1977 ds pquko esa fot;Jh fnyokbZA os pkgrs rks ml le; ljdkj esa dksbZ Hkh mPp in izkIr dj ldrs Fks] fdarq lHkh inksa dks vLohdkj dj mUgksaus fl) dj fn;k fd mUgsa dsoy ns'k lsok ls yxko Fkk] u fd in vkSj lÙkk lsA
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